Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Das Osteoidosteom ist ein benigner, primärer Knochentumor, der typischerweise im
Kindes- und jungen Erwachsenenalter auftritt. Neben den lokalen Schmerzen, die häufig
nachts zunehmen, ist das gute Ansprechen dieser Symptomatik auf Acetylsalicylsäure
(ASS) für diese Knochenläsion charakteristisch. Da eine Dauertherapie mit ASS aufgrund
der möglichen unerwünschten Wirkungen keine langfristige Behandlungsoption bietet,
sind neben der chirurgischen Behandlung verschiedenen minimalinvasive, bildgeführte
Verfahren zur Therapie des Osteoidosteoms entwickelt worden. In den letzten Jahren
hat sich dabei vor allem die perkutane Radiofrequenz(RF)-Ablation in der klinischen
Routine etabliert, deren Ergebnisse und Technik mit denen alternativer Verfahren verglichen
wird. Material und Methode: Im Rahmen der RF-Ablation wird bildgeführt eine meist nadelförmige RF-Sonde perkutan
im Tumor platziert. Anschließend wird ein hochfrequenter Wechselstrom appliziert,
der über eine Ionenbewegung im Gewebe zur lokalen Hitzeentwicklung und damit zur thermischen
Destruktion des umliegenden Gewebes einschließlich des Tumors führt. Ergebnisse: Die primäre bzw. sekundäre Erfolgsrate dieses Verfahrens beträgt bei weit über 700
publizierten Fällen 87 bzw. 83 %. Die chirurgische Resektion oder Curettage zeigt
ähnliche Ergebnisse, ist jedoch mit einer deutlich höheren Komplikationsrate verbunden.
Zusätzlich bietet die RF-Ablation die vergleichsweise niedrigsten Kosten. Schlussfolgerung: Zusammenfassend kann die RF-Ablation heute als Goldstandard für die Therapie des
Osteoidosteoms gelten.
Abstract
Purpose: Osteoid osteoma is a benign primary bone tumor that typically occurs in children
and young adults. Besides local pain, which is often worse at night, prompt relief
due to medication with acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) is characteristic for this bone
lesion. Because long-term medication with ASS does not represent an alternative treatment
strategy due to its potentially severe side effects, different minimally invasive
image-guided techniques for the therapy of osteoid osteoma have been developed. In
this context radiofrequency (RF) ablation in particular has become part of the clinical
routine. The technique and results of image-guided RF ablation are compared to alternative
treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: Using this technique, an often needle-shaped RF applicator is percutaneously placed
into the tumor under image guidance. Then a high-frequency alternating current is
applied by the tip of the applicator which leads to ionic motion within the tissue
resulting in local heat development and thus in thermal destruction of the surrounding
tissue including the tumor. Results: The published primary and secondary success rates of this technique are 87 and 83
%, respectively. Surgical resection and open curettage show comparable success rates
but are associated with higher complication rates. In addition image-guided RF ablation
of osteoid osteomas is associated with low costs. Conclusion: In conclusion image-guided RF ablation can be considered the gold standard for the
treatment of osteoid osteoma.
Key words
bones - ablation procedures - CT - interventional procedures
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Philipp Bruners
Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Medizintechnik, Helmholtz Institut für Biomedizinische Technik,
RWTH Aachen
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